When the Loss Is Downtime Rather Than Data
Most cyber loss models are shaped around a breach. Records exposed, notification cost per record, regulatory penalty, credit monitoring, litigation. The arithmetic is well established and the inputs are reasonably well evidenced. Apply that model to an outage where nothing left and nothing was taken and every one of those categories returns zero. The organization was down for four days and the model reports almost no loss, which is not a calibration problem but the wrong model.